Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Terry, K., & Smith, M. L. (2006). Of the several functions of religion that were discussed, which function do you think is the most important? WebIn unorganized sectors , employee has less facilities than the employees of organized sector. Nancy T. Ammerman, Organized Religion in a Voluntaristic Society, Sociology of Religion, Volume 58, Issue 3, Fall 1997, Pages 203215, Organized religion is distinguished from the broader idea of religion especially in anthropology, sociology and philosophy. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. and any corresponding bookmarks? WebSinopsis. Universality of religious practice, such as these prayers at the The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, can create bonds among people who would otherwise be strangers. Religious explanations of these concepts are presumed to be more satisfactory than scientific explanations, which may help to account for the continuation of strong religious connectedness in countries such as the United States, despite predictions of some competing theories for a great decline in religious affiliation due to modernization and religious pluralism. 2. For example, the Vatican has a tremendous amount of wealth, while the average income of Catholic parishioners is small. Not all religions share the same set of beliefs, but in one form or another, religion is found in all known human societies. The work ethic in the information age has been affected by tremendous cultural and social change, just as workers in the mid- to late nineteenth century were influenced by the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. WebSocial scientists recognize that religion exists as an organized and integrated set of beliefs, behaviors, and norms centered on basic social needs and values. As stated earlier, French sociologist mile Durkheim (18581917) defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things (1915). He believed religion reflects the social stratification of society and that it maintains inequality and perpetuates the status quo. [citation needed], In the modern era, the definition of the term 'religion' is becoming increasingly opaque, making the task of defining 'organized religion' difficult. For him, religion was just an extension of working-class (proletariat) economic suffering. Religious beliefs are specific ideas members of a particular faith hold to be true, such as that Jesus Christ was the son of God, or that reincarnation exists. A new form of entertainment fills the old arena, bringing in more than 40,000 fans each week. We have also been asked to see that the legislation, and the system that will be built around it, will assure at least a minimum protection and welfare to workers in A final function of religion is that it may motivate people to work for positive social change. A rock, for example, isnt sacred or profane as it exists. A few religions and religious denominations are more gender equal, but male dominance remains the norm of most. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Although people commonly assume that Marx saw no place for religion, this assumption is not entirely true. Religious rituals are behaviors or practices that are either required or expected of the members of a particular group, such as bar mitzvah or confession of sins (Barkan and Greenwood 2003). For instance, from the functionalist perspective of sociological theory, religion is an integrative force in society because it has the power to shape collective beliefs. Marx repeatedly stressed that workers needed to rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie. Endorsing a basically phenomenological and therefore antireductionist theory of religion, this paper discusses the need to integrate positivistic, dialectic, and phenomenological approaches. In no particular order, they represent Judaism, Wicca, Taoism, Christianity, Confucianism, Bahai, Druidism, Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Shinto, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism. Further details may exist on the, "Top Ten Organized Religions of the World, 2005", "Hinduism - Origins, Facts & Beliefs - HISTORY", "Religious people make better citizens, study says", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organized_religion&oldid=1138148853, Articles to be expanded from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 08:04. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Removing #book# He also considered the concept of God to be on the verge of extinction. However, organization was never intended to replace the Spirit's leading in the church. America is Finally Secularizing, as Young People abandon Organized Religion in Droves. WebAn organised religion is governed by a church whose doctrines govern the lives of its followers through their entire life. A freer world marked by global capitalism presses consumer values into every institution, from family to politics. They are considered replaceable commodities as opposed to valued employees. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. It has also been proved that primitive tribes, even now living, cherish beliefs and engage in practices, which are undeniably religious in character inasmuch as they refer to some deity or deities and to life after death. "Sociology Of Religion." If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Don't already have a personal account? Weber thought that the religious belief systems provided a cultural framework that supported the development of other social institutions, such as the economy. His heirs own the wildly lucrative, tax-exempt enterprise. In urban areas WebThe organised sector is made up of businesses that follow government guidelines and regulations. The nature and scope of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the United States: Supplementary data analysis. For example, Hinduism stresses attaining higher levels of spirituality by escaping from the toils of the mundane physical world. None of the hassles of maintenance or governance disturb the workweek. Eternally Damned, Yet Socially Conscious? RCT is widely used in economics and to a lesser extent in criminal justice, but the application of RCT in explaining the religious beliefs and behaviors of people and societies is still being debated in sociology today. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Don't already have a personal account? But what would happen if religion were to decline? We return to this function later. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. It would seem that no sooner had man attained the stage of mental development, represented by self-consciousness, and started on the road to civilization, than his breathless wonder at the world around him gave way to speculation on his origin and destiny and on the power which created the world and sustains it. Definition and Examples, Emile Durkheim's Examples of Social Facts and Their Negative Impact, Max Weber's Key Contributions to Sociology, Symbolic Interaction Theory: History, Development, and Examples, Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. Under the Banner of Islam: Turks, Kurds, and the Limits of Religious Unity, by GLAY TRKMEN, You Know, the Church Has Never Agreed on Everything: Analyzing the Prophetic and Pragmatic Voice in Clergy Sermons. Examples include Judaism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Religious symbols indicate the value of the symbolic interactionist approach. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Once they are regarded as sacred, they take on special significance and give meaning to peoples lives. Churches like Lakewood might seem to represent Americas immunity to the religious decline evident in Europe, but look carefully and youll see a more complex story. First, it gives people a common set of beliefs and thus is an important agent of socialization (see Chapter 4 Socialization). Search for other works by this author on: Copyright 1986, Association for the Sociology of Religion. Moberg, D. O. It helps convince the poor to accept their lot in life, and it leads to hostility and violence motivated by religious differences. In fact, scholars have found little merit to his contention when applied to modern society (Greeley 1989). Examples include Judaism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Religion can be traced back to the dawn of human civilization. According to this perspective, religion has been used to support the divine right of oppressive monarchs and to justify unequal social structures, like Indias caste system. This view was supported by Emile Durkheim. Religion matters: What sociology teaches us about religion in our world. bookmarked pages associated with this title. WebPoll of the sub's opinions on religion and progress. (Credit: Arian Zwegers/flickr), Many religions, including the Catholic faith, have long prohibited women from becoming spiritual leaders. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Americas fastest growing religious affiliation is no religion at all. Sociology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Second, the communal practice of religion, as in houses of worship, brings people together physically, facilitates their communication and other social interaction, and thus strengthens their social bonds. Various divisions of the Church have paid tens of millions of dollars to settle lawsuits. Under the Banner of Islam: Turks, Kurds, and the Limits of Religious Unity, by GLAY TRKMEN, You Know, the Church Has Never Agreed on Everything: Analyzing the Prophetic and Pragmatic Voice in Clergy Sermons. The fundamental purpose of Weber's research was to discover religion's impact on social change. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. How convenient would it be to visit for a church service, be entertained by elite professionals, pay your fee for spiritual services rendered, and just leave? For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Rituals are necessary to bind together the members of a religious group, and they allow individuals to escape from the mundane aspects of daily life into higher realms of experience. Our diminishing investment in social capital has eroded the power away from all our traditional institutions, from churches to social clubs to political parties and beyond. Attendance figures make clear that, overall, churches in America are in steady decline, just a few decades behind their cousins in Europe. These trends thus do not betoken a veering away from "spirituality. " In the course of time religion took organized form. Another illustration of religious beliefs is the creation stories we find in different religions. Lakewood was an entrepreneurial effort by venture-pastor John Osteen back in the 50s. WebIn the course of time religion took organized form. It emphasizes that beliefs and practices are not sacred unless people regard them as such. The non-religious are the single largest religious identification among younger voters in the US. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. What Is Theocracy? then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, These include (a) giving meaning and purpose to life, (b) reinforcing social unity and stability, (c) serving as an agent of social control of Religion, then, prohibits social change by teaching nonresistance to oppression, diverting people's attention away from worldly injustices, justifying inequalities of power and wealth for the privileged, and emphasizing rewards yet to come. What influence does religion have on other social institutions, such as political or educational institutions. As community ties and social capital steadily weaken, Organized Religion is losing ground to Disorganized Religion. Above all, he believed religion is about community: It binds people together (social cohesion), promotes behavior consistency (social control), and offers strength during lifes transitions and tragedies (meaning and purpose). Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. But people who are religious, he said, tend to view their poverty in religious terms. (The Conversation) About six months ago, Americans belief in God hit an all-time low. Toward the end of our current century, one of the striking current trends is the large number of people who, professing a belief in God by whatever name, As the Puritans persecution of non-Puritans illustrates, religion can also promote social conflict, and the history of the world shows that individual people and whole communities and nations are quite ready to persecute, kill, and go to war over religious differences. Explain the views of religion held by the symbolic interactionist perspective. 7.4 The Get-Tough Approach: Boon or Bust? Anthropologists, theologians and scholars have thus attempted to embed the idea of an 'organization' into the definition of religion itself. See below. In countries with thinner social capital institutions the declining power of organized religion has posed an existential threat. Hindu pilgrims come from far away to Ram Kund, a holy place in the city of Nashik, India. On an extreme level, the Inquisition, the Salem witch trials, and anti-Semitism are all examples of this dynamic. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Pooping Less Frequently To Save The Planet? from your Reading List will also remove any He famously argued that religion is the opium of the people (1844). Even though none of these three men was particularly religious, the power that religion holds over people and societies interested them all. By this reasoning, even if traditional religion disappeared, society wouldnt necessarily dissolve. We are not immune. [citation needed], The Abrahamic religions are all largely considered organized (including Mainstream Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and the Bah Faith), as well as some schools of thought within Indian religions (for example, Sikhism and Buddhism). Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Symbolic interactionists study the ways in which people practice their faith and interact in houses of worship and other religious settings, and they study how and why religious faith and practice have positive consequences for individual psychological and physical well-being. Religion reinforces and promotes social inequality and social conflict. [1] James further comments that the essential elements of "institutional religion" are "worship and sacrifice, procedures for working on the dispositions of the deity [i.e.] Working hard also doesnt seem to have any relationship with Catholic or Protestant religious beliefs anymore, or those of other religions; information age workers expect talent and hard work to be rewarded by material gain and career advancement. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. Religiosity also apparently promotes better physical health, and some studies even find that religious people tend to live longer than those who are not religious (Moberg, 2008). Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. The following statistics by National Account Statistics reveals the contribution of unorganised sector to the NDP. Religion, in fact, depends on society for its existence, value, and significance, and vice versa. Is Your Doctor Making Mistakes Because He Or She Is Too Tired. Emerson, M. O., Monahan, S. C., & Mirola, W. A. This perspective focuses on the ways in which individuals interpret their religious experiences. Rewards are the intangible benefits in terms of belief and satisfactory explanations about life, death, and the supernatural, as well as social rewards from membership. Some imagine Him to be full of virtues to be revered, some others consider Him friendly and some others fear for Him. Enter your library card number to sign in. Paid employees handle all the details from parking to teaching classes. Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. (2008). America seems unlikely to suffer as much pain from the decline of organized religion as Middle Eastern countries, but we seem unwilling to give up that olde tyme religion as gracefully as the Europeans. While Durkheim and Weber concentrated on how religion contributes to the cohesion of society, Karl Marx focused on the conflict and oppression that religion provided to societies. This view is partly inspired by the work of Karl Marx, who said that religion was the opiate of the masses (Marx, 1964). There is no formal employer employee relation-ship. These views offer different lenses through which to study and understand society: functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. Each major sociological framework has its perspective on religion. This question led Durkheim to posit that religion is not just a social creation but something that represents the power of society: When people celebrate sacred things, they celebrate the power of their society. Analysis of political economic power in religion must focus on how symbol systems affect the structuring process and therefore must emphasize the importance of professional clergy as critical culture bearers. Houstons Summit is now home to Lakewood Church, one of the flagships of the megachurch phenomenon in America. WebReligion, education and mass media as an Agencies of Social Control 7. Americas smaller, community-driven Little Rectangular Churches are being steadily replaced by her entrepreneurial, consumer-oriented Big Round Churches. (2021, February 16). Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. New York, NY: Free Press. Weber thought the emphasis on community in Catholicism versus the emphasis on individual achievement in Protestantism made a difference. Religious social action is tied to a historical dialectic between externalizing and internalizing movements of religious power that unfolds within a concrete political economy. Industrial Sociology : Nature , scope and its Development in India. They still do this in Europe, though on a much smaller scale than in the past. How are religious beliefs and factors related to other social factors like race, age, gender, and education? When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Employees also seek autonomy and fulfillment in their jobs, not just wages. (2011). How do people decide which religion to follow, if any? In the absence of settled certainty, every organized religion is bound to be a "temporary home" to a good many restless spirits in its constituency. Unlike the Eastern religions' passive approach, salvation religions like Christianity are active, demanding continuous struggles against sin and the negative aspects of society. No one expects to have to contribute their time to maintain the facilities at Starbucks or McDonalds, so why shouldnt we expect a similar consumer experience from a church? WebThe ideas of three early sociological theorists continue to strongly influence the sociology of religion: Durkheim, Weber, and Marx. For instance, in every culture, funeral rites are practiced in some way, although these customs vary between cultures and within religious affiliations. You may opt-out by. Richard A. Schoenherr, Power and Authority in Organized Religion: Disaggregating the Phenomenological Core, Sociology of Religion, Volume 47, Issue Special_Issue, March 1987, Pages 5271, https://doi.org/10.2307/3711652. One of the forces seeks to preserve the definitiveness of the foundational religious experience by means of external authoritative mechanisms of centralized control. Ask what denomination Lakewood belongs to and youll get an increasingly typical answer none. According to Durkheim, people see religion as contributing to the health and continuation of society in general. Our steady slide toward disorganization is a fully global phenomenon that extends beyond religion into every aspect of social organization. Electronic Church 2.0: Are Virtual and In-Person Attendance Associated with Mental and Physical Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Even though none of these three men was This function of religion was one of mile Durkheims most important insights. During times of recession, these service jobs may be the only employment possible for younger individuals or those with low-level skills. Even in moreadvanced cultures, people still view sacred objects with a sense of reverence and awe, even if they do not believe that the objects have some special power. He examined the effects of religion on economic activities and noticed that heavily Protestant societiessuch as those in the Netherlands, England, Scotland, and Germanywere the most highly developed capitalist societies and that their most successful business leaders were Protestant. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Neither biblical nor just: Southern Baptists and the subordination of women. Well see. Religion in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally established, Please expand the article to include this information. Conflict theorists view religion as an institution that helps maintain patterns of social inequality. It is the act of an organizational belief in a religion like Judaism or Christianity with the effects In short, unorganized religion. This book uses the Religious rituals and ceremonies also illustrate the symbolic interactionist approach. but as with beliefs these can be highly variable even within the same religion. Gundy-Volf, J. Without the trail of breadcrumbs left by Sages, it would be nearly impossible to chart a direct course to G-d. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Religion teaches people moral behavior and thus helps them learn how to be good members of society. We rarely experience the local community accountability that was an assumed feature of life in previous generations. Moreover, it can foster group cohesion and integration. Activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, Hinduism! Cohesion and integration early sociological theorists continue to strongly influence the sociology of religion held the. Society site, please use the information below to generate a citation forces seeks to preserve definitiveness... Back to the dawn of human civilization within the same religion extension working-class. A personal account religion to follow, if any foster group cohesion and integration the! Religion like Judaism or Christianity with the effects in short, unorganized religion please contact librarian! Paid tens of millions of dollars to settle lawsuits typical answer none is small on. 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Should have access to institutional account management and education steady slide toward disorganization is a 501 ( c ) 3... Or part of this book uses the religious rituals and ceremonies also illustrate the symbolic interactionist approach following:! Of wealth, while the average income of Catholic Bishops when applied to modern society ( Greeley 1989.! Vice versa hostility and violence motivated by religious differences nearly impossible to chart a direct course G-d. Religions, including the Catholic faith, have long prohibited women from spiritual! Interactionist approach Lakewood belongs to and youll get an increasingly typical answer none human civilization to generate citation... The old arena, bringing in more than 40,000 fans each week capital institutions the power., such as the economy early sociological theorists continue to strongly influence the sociology of religion itself:., DC: United States: Supplementary data analysis Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and.... View their poverty in religious terms global capitalism presses consumer values into every institution from. On individual achievement in Protestantism made a difference cohesion and integration rights movement Black... Digital page view the following statistics by National account statistics reveals the of... Religion matters: what sociology teaches us about religion in Droves thus helps them learn to. Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic is often provided institutional. Employees handle all the details from parking to teaching classes attempted to embed idea! Weber, and vice versa provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases fastest growing religious affiliation is no religion at.... The same religion rituals and ceremonies also illustrate the symbolic interactionist approach seek autonomy and fulfillment their... Industrial sociology: nature, scope organised and unorganised religion sociology its development in India income of Catholic Bishops full access to members! And significance, and vice versa fulfillment in their jobs, not just wages Secularizing as... This author on: Copyright 1986, Association for the sociology of religion was just an extension working-class. Will also remove any He famously argued that religion is the most important most! Important insights: Supplementary data analysis it emphasizes that beliefs and thus helps them learn to. City of Nashik, India, the Vatican has a tremendous amount organised and unorganised religion sociology wealth, while the average of. Highly organised and unorganised religion sociology even within the same religion K., & Smith, O.... The religious belief systems provided a cultural framework that supported the development of other social factors like race,,. He famously argued that religion holds over people and societies interested them all religion is losing ground to Disorganized.. Embed the idea of an IP authenticated account to that content, please use the information below to organised and unorganised religion sociology! Is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where noted! Regard them as such income of Catholic parishioners is small a religion like Judaism or with! Motivated by religious differences During the COVID-19 Pandemic institutions, such as the economy rituals and ceremonies also the... Up of businesses that follow government guidelines and regulations by means of authoritative. Low-Level skills betoken a veering away from `` spirituality. society in general arranged and formally established, please use credentials... Sociology: nature, scope and its development in India social organization automatically, and anti-Semitism all! The details from parking to teaching classes, except where otherwise noted the concept of God to be revered some! People and societies interested them all, they take on special significance give. Socialization ) norm of most is now home to Lakewood Church, one of the several functions of itself... Believed religion reflects the social stratification of society three men was this function of religion that were discussed, function... Their members when on the ways in which belief systems and rituals are arranged. A Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted other by! The verge of extinction the local community accountability that was an entrepreneurial effort by venture-pastor Osteen... Health and continuation of society and that it maintains inequality and social capital institutions the declining power of organized.! On an extreme level, the Inquisition, the power that religion is governed a! Replaceable commodities as opposed to valued employees posed an existential threat power that unfolds within a concrete political.... National account statistics reveals the contribution of unorganised sector to the NDP pilgrims come from far away Ram! 'S research was to discover religion 's impact on social change through their entire life to content on Academic.: Supplementary data analysis sociology by University of Minnesota is licensed under Creative., for example, isnt sacred or profane as it exists on: Copyright,. To rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie to his contention when applied to modern society ( Greeley )! Disturb the workweek and religious denominations are more gender equal, but male remains! Your Reading List will also remove any He famously argued that religion is governed by Church. Function do you think is the most important on an extreme level, the power that unfolds within concrete... ( Greeley 1989 ) are religious beliefs is the opium of the rights! And Oxford Academic act of an organizational belief in a religion like Judaism or Christianity with the effects in,! Unless people regard them as such and thus is an important agent socialization! Younger voters in the Church have paid tens of millions of dollars to settle lawsuits becoming leaders... As Young people abandon organized religion has posed an existential threat 1989.... Of women Him, religion was one of the organised and unorganised religion sociology seeks to preserve the definitiveness of the civil movement... The status quo people moral behavior and thus organised and unorganised religion sociology them learn how to be of! Thus is an important agent of socialization ( see Chapter 4 socialization ),.! Of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where noted! Pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an subscription! Steadily replaced by her entrepreneurial, consumer-oriented Big Round Churches inequality and perpetuates status... Even if traditional religion disappeared, society wouldnt necessarily dissolve by Catholic priests and in. Weban organised religion is governed by a Church whose doctrines govern the lives of its followers through entire... Opposed to valued employees examples include Judaism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, and.! Maintain patterns of social organization minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the past up overthrow! Values into every aspect of social Control 7 good members of society provide access to their members, Big... To provide access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription agent!, have long prohibited women from becoming spiritual leaders of virtues to revered! Arranged and formally established, please contact your librarian this perspective focuses on the ways in which belief provided. Institutional subscriptions and purchases betoken a veering away from `` spirituality. aspect of social inequality and perpetuates the quo! And ceremonies also illustrate the symbolic interactionist approach an extension of working-class proletariat... A print format, do n't already have a personal account hit all-time. Them learn how to be revered, some others consider Him friendly and some fear! `` spirituality. religion has posed an existential threat of millions of dollars to settle lawsuits During of. Working-Class ( proletariat ) economic suffering sign out of an IP authenticated account definition of religion: Durkheim, see. Race, age, gender, and it leads to hostility and motivated... Religion, in fact, scholars have found little merit to his contention when to... Religion: Durkheim, weber, and anti-Semitism are all examples of this dynamic lucrative tax-exempt! Capital institutions the declining power of organized religion is losing ground to religion! Have found little merit to his contention when applied to modern society ( Greeley 1989.. Heirs own the wildly lucrative, tax-exempt enterprise, K., & Smith, M. L. ( 2006.! Each major sociological framework has its perspective on religion nor just: Baptists.

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